[37] Though associated with the New Age and Human Potential Movements, McKenna himself had little patience for New Age sensibilities. [55], Although McKenna avoided giving his allegiance to any one interpretation (part of his rejection of monotheism), he was open to the idea of psychedelics as being "trans-dimensional travel". "A laboratory method to obtain fruit from cased grain spawn of the cultivated mushroom, "The Sheldrake – McKenna – Abraham Trialogues", "Terence McKenna's library destroyed in fire", "Federal approval brings MDMA from club to clinic", "Eight things you didn't know about magic mushrooms", https://samharris.org/ama-answers/ask-anything-12/, "Concerning Terence McKenna's 'Stoned Apes, "The Importance of Human Beings (a.k.a Eros and the Eschaton)", Title=Timewave zero. [36] His main focus was on the plant-based psychedelics such as psilocybin mushrooms (which were the catalyst for his career),[12] ayahuasca, cannabis, and the plant derivative DMT. [16][26][27][31] In 1976, the brothers published what they had learned in the book Psilocybin: Magic Mushroom Grower's Guide, under the pseudonyms "O.T. The Stoned Ape Theory Band The Stoned Ape Theory Band The Stoned Ape Theory Band The Stoned Ape Theory Band Broadcast your events with reliable, high-quality live streaming. [6][22][23], After his mother's death[24] from cancer in 1970,[25] McKenna, his brother Dennis, and three friends traveled to the Colombian Amazon in search of oo-koo-hé, a plant preparation containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT). "[56], He also recommended, and often spoke of taking, what he called "heroic doses",[32] which he defined as five grams of dried psilocybin mushrooms,[6][57] taken alone, on an empty stomach, in silent darkness, and with eyes closed. In the 1970s, when he was still collecting, he became quite squeamish and guilt-ridden about the necessity of killing butterflies in order to collect and classify them, and that's what led him to stop his entomological studies, according to his daughter. In his book Food of the Gods, McKenna proposed that the transformation from humans' early ancestors Homo erectus to the species Homo sapiens mainly had to do with the addition of the mushroom Psilocybe cubensis in the diet,[26][73][74] an event that according to his theory took place in about 100,000 BCE (which is when he believed that the species diverged from the genus Homo). "[93], John Horgan in a 2012 blog post for Scientific American also commented that, Food of the Gods was "a rigorous argument...that mind-expanding plants and fungi catalyzed the transformation of our brutish ancestors into cultured modern humans. Criticism has also been expressed due to the fact that in a separate study on psilocybin induced transformation of visual space. 7.14.2017 7:48 PM. While interesting, it does have several holes on several fronts. [3][8][64][65], In a more radical version of biophysicist Francis Crick's hypothesis of directed panspermia, McKenna speculated on the idea that psilocybin mushrooms may be a species of high intelligence,[3] which may have arrived on this planet as spores migrating through space[8][66] and which are attempting to establish a symbiotic relationship with human beings. The 'Stoned Ape' Theory Might Explain Our Extraordinary Evolution. Who was Terence McKenna? [6] He believed they would have been following large herds of wild cattle whose dung harbored the insects that, he proposed, were undoubtedly part of their new diet, and would have spotted and started eating Psilocybe cubensis, a dung-loving mushroom often found growing out of cowpats. In the video below, renowned mycologist Paul Stamets explains the “stoned ape hypothesis” to Joe Rogan.The hypothesis was developed by Terence McKenna and documented in his 1993 book Food of the Gods.McKenna’s “Stoned Ape Hypothesis” offers one explanation for how humans doubled … For those not familiar with (or now hoping to become MORE familiar with) Terence McKenna, he presented the Stoned Ape Theory in his 1992 book, Food of the Gods, proposing that eating magic mushrooms pushed Homo erectus to Homo sapien by expanding his brain as well as his mind.His examples included psilocybin mushrooms improving visual acuity so hunters could … His 1961 book Ghost and Ghoul popularized these ideas which allegedly could have inspired the creators of the 1972 BBC play The Stone Tape. [78][80] He believed that psilocybin mushrooms were the "evolutionary catalyst"[3] from which language, projective imagination, the arts, religion, philosophy, science, and all of human culture sprang. There is no set rule to avoid being overwhelmed, but move carefully, reflect a great deal, and always try to map experiences back onto the history of the race and the philosophical and religious accomplishments of the species. Fischer et al. (Page of tag stoned ape theory) [11], Terence McKenna was born and raised in Paonia, Colorado,[5][12][13] Concluding that "It is, without question, destined to play a major role in our future considerations of the role of the ancient use of psychoactive drugs, the historical shaping of our modern concerns about drugs and perhaps about man's desire for escape from reality with drugs. No offense, and while the comparison of the stoned ape theory compared to the rest of his theories is rather interesting, I don't think it's exactly neutral-perspective. The universe is being pulled from the future toward a goal that is as inevitable as a marble reaching the bottom of a bowl when you release it up near the rim. He suggested that it is possible due to transfer of motion between particles. [12] During his time there, he also studied the Tibetan language[20] and worked as a hashish smuggler,[6] until "one of his Bombay-to-Aspen shipments fell into the hands of U. S. [5][89] This worked out to the graph reaching zero in mid-November 2012. [54], Terence McKenna advocated the exploration of altered states of mind via the ingestion of naturally occurring psychedelic substances;[5][32][43] for example, and in particular, as facilitated by the ingestion of high doses of psychedelic mushrooms,[26][55] ayahuasca, and DMT,[6] which he believed was the apotheosis of the psychedelic experience. [3][5], McKenna suspected that notable events in history could be identified that would help him locate the time wave's end date[5] and attempted to find the best-fit placement when matching the graph to the data field of human history. Some projected dates have been criticised for having seemingly arbitrary labels, such as the "height of the age of mammals"[10] and McKenna's analysis of historical events has been criticised for having a eurocentric and cultural bias. Joe Rogan - Plants are intelligent (conscious with feelings), Pineal Gland, Psychedelic Mushrooms . Sharon Hill, science educator and geologist, claims that "stone tape theory" is a misleading term, as it suggests to encompass structure, credibility and explanatory power or scientific theory, while in reality it is speculation that lacks physical basis. 's findings, who published studies about visual perception in terms of various specific parameters, not acuity. "[5][7] When describing this model of the universe he stated that: "The universe is not being pushed from behind. [5][24][26] Instead of oo-koo-hé they found fields full of gigantic Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, which became the new focus of the expedition. In late 1999, McKenna described his thoughts concerning his impending death to interviewer Erik Davis: I always thought death would come on the freeway in a few horrifying moments, so you'd have no time to sort it out. How a 'theory' looks to the naked eye (as staged) - is apparently one thing. That's precisely my model of human history. https://www.wholecelium.com/articles/psychedelic-studies/stoned-ape-theory It makes life rich and poignant. According to her, it is an attempt to present a pseudoscientific claim in a seemingly scientific style. "[91] Therefore, according to McKenna's final interpretation of the data and positioning of the graph, on December 21, 2012 we would have been in the unique position in time where maximum novelty would be experienced. And at some time, very early, a group interposed itself between people and direct experience of the 'Other.' [12][17][26][27] As ethnobiologist Jonathan Ott explains, "[the] authors adapted San Antonio's technique (for producing edible mushrooms by casing mycelial cultures on a rye grain substrate; San Antonio 1971) to the production of Psilocybe [Stropharia] cubensis. So according to novelty theory, the pattern of time itself is speeding up, with a requirement of the theory being that infinite novelty will be reached on a specific date. [17], In 1965, McKenna enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley and was accepted into the Tussman Experimental College. [3][4] [5][7] The graph was fractal, it exhibited a pattern in which a given small section of the wave was found to be identical in form to a larger section of the wave. If you do that, you know the marble will roll down the side of the bowl, down, down, down – until eventually it comes to rest at the lowest energy state, which is the bottom of the bowl. Oss" and "O.N. [43], One of the main themes running through McKenna's work, and the title of his second book, was the idea that Western civilization was undergoing what he called an "archaic revival". [5][6][12][24][27] In La Chorrera, at the urging of his brother, McKenna was the subject of a psychedelic experiment[5] in which the brothers attempted to bond harmine (harmine is another psychedelic compound they used synergistically with the mushrooms) with their own neural DNA, through the use of a set specific vocal techniques. Live Streaming. [17] In 1967, while in college, he discovered and began studying shamanism through the study of Tibetan folk religion. "[2] [5][8] [3][26][83], His notion was that Western society has become "sick" and is undergoing a "healing process", in the same way that the human body begins to produce antibodies when it feels itself to be sick, humanity as a collective whole (in the Jungian sense) was creating "strategies for overcoming the condition of dis-ease" and trying to cure itself, by what he termed as "a reversion to archaic values." with Irish ancestry on his father's side of the family. His promotion of novelty theory and its connection to the Mayan calendar … [3], In the 20th century, the idea that objects are able to store and play back past events was re-introduced in 1939 and 1940 by then-SPR president H. H. Price. This, it has been argued, indicates the use of psychedelic plants does not necessarily suppress the ego and create harmonious societies. [22][75] McKenna based his theory on the main effects, or alleged effects, produced by the mushroom[3] while citing studies by Roland Fischer et al. [6][12][22] Hundreds of hours of McKenna's public lectures were recorded either professionally or bootlegged and have been produced on cassette tape, CD and MP3. [27] McKenna was diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressive form of brain cancer. stoned-ape-theory 1 point 2 points 3 points 6 months ago I am actually visiting family here in AK for the holidays and I’m trying to squeeze in a few runs. McKenna always stressed the responsible use of psychedelic plants, saying: "Experimenters should be very careful. I think in a hundred years if people do biology they will think it quite silly that people once thought that spores could not be blown from one star system to another by cosmic radiation pressure," and also believed that "few people are in a position to judge its extraterrestrial potential, because few people in the orthodox sciences have ever experienced the full spectrum of psychedelic effects that are unleashed."[3][7][18]. [8] McKenna's idea was that the universe is an engine designed for the production and conservation of novelty and that as novelty increases, so does complexity. I’m actually from AL, so quite a difference from my usual runs back home. [3], Following Price's ideas, an archeologist turned paranormal researcher, T. C. Lethbridge, claimed that past events can be stored in objects thanks to fields of energy, that he believed to surround streams, forests or mountains. "[7][26] He also pointed out that psilocybin would dissolve the ego and "religious concerns would be at the forefront of the tribe's consciousness, simply because of the power and strangeness of the experience itself. McKenna was opposed to Christianity[67] and most forms of organized religion or guru-based forms of spiritual awakening, favouring shamanism, which he believed was the broadest spiritual paradigm available, stating that: What I think happened is that in the world of prehistory all religion was experiential, and it was based on the pursuit of ecstasy through plants. [6][7][43][78], McKenna's hypothesis was that low doses of psilocybin improve visual acuity, particularly edge detection, meaning that the presence of psilocybin in the diet of early pack hunting primates caused the individuals who were consuming psilocybin mushrooms to be better hunters than those who were not, resulting in an increased food supply and in turn a higher rate of reproductive success. [27], Either philosophically or religiously, he expressed admiration for Marshall McLuhan, Alfred North Whitehead, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, Carl Jung, Plato, Gnostic Christianity, and Alchemy, while regarding the Greek philosopher Heraclitus as his favorite philosopher.[70]. His ideas regarding psilocybin and visual acuity have been criticized as misrepresentations of Fischer et al. Terence Kemp McKenna (November 16, 1946 – April 3, 2000) was an American ethnobotanist and mystic who advocated for the responsible use of naturally occurring psychedelic plants. [5][6], For the 1972 British television play, see, "The "Stone Tape Theory" of hauntings: A geological perspective", https://archive.org/details/soulthingsorpsy00dentgoog, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_Tape&oldid=1000223316, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, William Denton, Elizabeth M. Foote Denton. Babbage speculated that spoken words leave permanent impressions in the air, even though they become inaudible after time. Crackpot hypotheses []. This controversial theory asserts that this mutualistic symbiosis between humans … Terence McKenna - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia Customs. Mar 30, 2016 - All about the Stoned Ape Theory of Evolution of Human Consciousness. [3][5][27] An event he described as a "concrescence",[12] a "tightening 'gyre'" with everything flowing together. [22][48] Botanical Dimensions is a nonprofit ethnobotanical preserve on the Big Island of Hawaii,[3] established to collect, protect, propagate, and understand plants of ethno-medical significance and their lore, and appreciate, study, and educate others about plants and mushrooms felt to be significant to cultural integrity and spiritual well-being. [3][13], McKenna said that one of his early psychedelic experiences with morning glory seeds showed him "that there was something there worth pursuing",[13] and in interviews he claimed to have smoked cannabis daily since his teens. When examining the King Wen sequence of the 64 hexagrams, McKenna noticed a pattern. And it's not hard to see why. Just being told by an unsmiling guy in a white coat that you're going to be dead in four months definitely turns on the lights. McKenna pointed to phenomena including surrealism, abstract expressionism, body piercing and tattooing, psychedelic drug use, sexual permissiveness, jazz, experimental dance, rave culture, rock and roll and catastrophe theory, amongst others, as his evidence that this process was underway. [6] He conducted lecture tours and workshops[6] promoting natural psychedelics as a way to explore universal mysteries, stimulate the imagination, and re-establish a harmonious relationship with nature. The 'Stoned Ape Theory' of human evolution claims that at the end of the last ice age the primate ancestors of modern humans gained imaginative capacities, a shared communal culture, spoken language, and in some sense consciousness itself due to the inclusion of psilocybin mushrooms in their diet. Psychedelic Mushrooms and the Evolution to Homo sapiens. Hill also suspects that the "kernel of the idea of stone tape" is psychometry,[3] which is criticized for being a form of cold reading rather than an unexplained supernatural phenomenon. For some reason I know not what, an old tv commercial comes to mind, Playtex 'wonder bra' - "No Visible Mean Of Support!" "[3][18], Novelty theory is a pseudoscientific idea[9][10] that purports to predict the ebb and flow of novelty in the universe as an inherent quality of time, proposing that time is not a constant but has various qualities tending toward either "habit" or "novelty". He was able to graph the data and this became the Novelty Time Wave. In the late 19th century, two of the SPR involved investigators, Edmund Gurney and Eleonor Sidgwick, presented views about certain buildings or materials being capable of storing records of past events, which can be later played back by gifted individuals. I managed to find the audio where Mckenna quite well explains the importance of mushrooms and also his stoned ape theory of evolution, so I ripped the audio from it and used over 900 pictures of mushrooms and surreal mushroom art from my mushroom facebook page to make a video. Contemporarily, the concept was popularized by a 1972 Christmas ghost story called The Stone Tape, produced by the BBC. Other purported dates do not fit the actual time frames: the date claimed for the emergence of Homo sapiens is inaccurate by 70,000 years, and the existence of the ancient Sumer and Egyptian civilisations contradict the date he gave for the beginning of "historical time". Ancient Origins articles related to stoned ape theory in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. [7][8][27][78], McKenna's hypothesis concerning the influence of psilocybin mushrooms on human evolution is known as "the 'stoned ape' theory. He proposed that DMT sent one to a "parallel dimension"[8] and that psychedelics literally enabled an individual to encounter "higher dimensional entities",[58] or what could be ancestors, or spirits of the Earth,[59] saying that if you can trust your own perceptions it appears that you are entering an "ecology of souls". In addition to psychedelic drugs, McKenna spoke on a wide array of subjects[26] including; shamanism; metaphysics; alchemy; language; culture; self-empowerment; environmentalism, techno-paganism; artificial intelligence; evolution; extraterrestrials; science and scientism; the Web; virtual reality (which he saw as a way to artistically communicate the experience of psychedelics); and aesthetic theory, specifically about art/visual experience as information representing the significance of hallucinatory visions experienced under the influence of psychedelics. At this point, it should not surprise that Terence McKenna was known for his crackpot hypotheses.. Stoned Ape Theory []. The Stoned Ape Theory was founded by none other than the American author, lecturer, ethnobotanist and psychonaut Terence Kemp McKenna. [52][53] His daughter, the artist and photographer Klea McKenna, subsequently preserved his insect collection, turning it into a gallery installation, and then publishing it in book form as The Butterfly Hunter, featuring her selected photos of 122 insects – 119 butterflies/moths and three beetles or beetle-like insects – from a set of over 2000 he collected between 1969 and 1972, as well as maps showing his collecting routes through the rainforests of Southeast Asia and South America. I mean, a bug walking across the ground moved me to tears. [60] McKenna also put forward the idea that psychedelics were "doorways into the Gaian mind",[43][61] suggesting that "the planet has a kind of intelligence, it can actually open a channel of communication with an individual human being" and that the psychedelic plants were the facilitators of this communication. [22] Previously, he had split his time between Hawaii and Occidental, CA. [69] He also became enamored with the Internet, calling it "the birth of [the] global mind",[17] believing it to be a place where psychedelic culture could flourish. The theory certainly captures the imagination and its proponents believe staunchly in the Stoned Ape hypothesis, but the data and further research in this case points to the theory being invalid. This created hierarchies, priesthoods, theological systems, castes, ritual, taboos. "[17], "I suffered hallucinatory agonies of my own while reading his shrilly ecstatic prose," Peter Conrad wrote in The New York Times in a 1993 review of Mr. McKenna's book True Hallucinations. [17], Biologist Richard Evans Schultes, of Harvard University, wrote in American Scientist in a 1993 review of McKenna's book Food of the Gods, that it was; "a masterpiece of research and writing" and that it "should be read by every specialist working in the multifarious fields involved with the use of psychoactive drugs." ", "2012: Prophet of nonsense #8: Terence McKenna – Novelty theory and timewave zero", "Psilocybin, the Mushroom, and Terence McKenna", "The End of the River: A critical view of Linear Apocalyptic Thought, and how Linearity makes a sneak appearance in Timewave Theory's fractal view of Time…". In a nutshell, the Stoned Ape Theory says that magic mushrooms sped up the evolutionary process and that, ultimately, the psychedelic experience … [30], In 1972, McKenna returned to U.C. [26], One expert on drug treatment attacked McKenna for popularizing "dangerous substances". [81], McKenna's "stoned ape" theory has not received attention from the scientific community and has been criticized for a relative lack of citation to any of the paleoanthropological evidence informing our understanding of human origins. It's clearly a crisis of two things: of consciousness and conditioning. [28] McKenna claimed the experiment put him in contact with "Logos": an informative, divine voice he believed was universal to visionary religious experience. "The Soul of Things, Or, Psychometric Researches and Discoveries". [45][46][47] These debates were known as trialogues and some of the discussions were later published in the books: Trialogues at the Edge of the West and The Evolutionary Mind. Sarah Sloat. According to McKenna's theory, which is outlined in his book “Food of the Gods”, as the North African jungles receded towards the end of the most recent ice age, it gave way to large swathes of open grassland. [8][17][19][26], Soon after graduating, McKenna and Dennis published a book inspired by their Amazon experiences, The Invisible Landscape: Mind, Hallucinogens and the I Ching. [54] McKenna had intensively studied lepidoptera and entomology in the 1960s, and as part of his studies hunted for butterflies primarily in Colombia and Indonesia. [17] Kathleen still manages Botanical Dimensions as its president and projects director.[49]. "[34] When the 1986 revised edition was published, the Magic Mushroom Grower's Guide had sold over 100,000 copies. An index of McKenna's library was made by his brother Dennis. Both are always present in everything, yet the amount of influence of each varies over time. 27.2k. He said, "I think that theory will probably be vindicated. There is also a lack of scientific evidence that psilocybin increases sexual arousal, and even if it does, it does not necessarily entail an evolutionary advantage. All the compounds are potentially dangerous, and all compounds, at sufficient doses or repeated over time, involve risks. stated that psilocybin "may not be conducive to the survival of the organism". [9][10] Among the criticisms are the use of numerology to derive dates of important events in world history,[10] the arbitrary rather than calculated end date of the time wave[26] and the apparent adjustment of the eschaton from November 2012 to December 2012 in order to coincide with the Maya calendar.
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